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Military Reaction Force
The Military Reaction Force, Military Reconnaissance Force or Mobile Reconnaissance Force (MRF)〔Taylor, Peter. ''Brits: The War Against the IRA''. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2001. pp.128-130〕 was a covert intelligence-gathering and counter-insurgency unit of the British Army active in Northern Ireland, during the Troubles/Operation Banner. The unit was formed during the summer of 1971〔 and operated until late 1972 or early 1973. MRF teams operated in plain-clothes and civilian vehicles, equipped with pistols and sub-machine guns. They were nominally tasked with tracking down and arresting, or killing, suspected members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). The MRF also ran double agents within the paramilitary groups and ran a number of front companies to gather intelligence. In October 1972, the Provisional IRA uncovered and attacked two of the MRF's front companies—a mobile laundry service and a massage parlour—which contributed to the unit's dissolution.
The MRF killed and wounded a number of unarmed Catholic civilians in drive-by shootings. One former member of the unit has described it as a "legalised death squad". It has also been accused of colluding with illegal loyalist paramilitaries and carrying out false flag attacks. The MRF was succeeded by the SRU (or 14 Intelligence Company) and, later, by the FRU.
==Origins and structure==
The MRF was established in the summer of 1971. It appears to have its origins in ideas and techniques developed by British Army Brigadier Sir Frank Kitson, who had created "counter gangs" to defeat the Mau Mau in Kenya. He was the author of two books on counter-insurgency tactics: ''Gangs & Counter Gangs'' (1960) and ''Low Intensity Operations'' (1971). From 1970 to 1972, Kitson served in Northern Ireland as commander of the 39th Infantry Brigade. It has been claimed that he was responsible for establishing the MRF and that the unit was attached to his Brigade.〔
The MRF was based at Palace Barracks in the Belfast suburb of Holywood. The MRF's first commander was Captain Arthur Watchus.〔Ware, John. ("Britain's Secret Terror Force" ). Irish Republican News, 23 November 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013.〕 In June 1972, he was succeeded as commander by Captain James 'Hamish' McGregor.〔 It was split into squads, each of which was led by a Senior NCO who had served in the Special Air Service (SAS), Special Boat Service (SBS), the Royal Marines or the Parachute Regiment.〔("The 'murder and mayhem' squad: Shocking new revelations by former undercover soldier who carried out 'shoot first, ask questions later' attacks on IRA terrorists for the British Army" ). ''The Mail on Sunday'', 23 December 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2012.〕 The unit consisted of up to 40 men, handpicked from throughout the British Army.〔("Undercover soldiers 'killed unarmed civilians in Belfast'" ). BBC News. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.〕 It also included a few women.〔("Exposed: The army black ops squad ordered to murder IRA's top 'players'" ). ''Daily Mail''. 17 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.〕 According to military sources, the MRF would have up to nine soldiers deployed at any one time, with nine more on standby and the others resting.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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